Sim-8800: Altair 8800 Simulator

CTRL-C (BREAK)

RUBOUT (_)

KILL LINE (@)

LINE FEED

CLEAR PAPER

Nothing has printed yet. Run a program that reads the serial board - try Teletype echo from Load - then type here.

8080 CPU Status Dump

Next Instruction

Quick Tutorial

How to input and run the following program to calculate 1 + 2 = 3:

LDA 0080H  ; 00 111 010
           ; 10 000 000
           ; 00 000 000
MOV B,A    ; 01 000 111
LDA 0081H  ; 00 111 010
           ; 10 000 001
           ; 00 000 000
ADD B      ; 10 000 000
STA 0082H  ; 00 110 010
           ; 10 000 010
           ; 00 000 000
JMP 0000H  ; 11 000 011
           ; 00 000 000
           ; 00 000 000

Turn on Altair 8800 by clicking OFF/ON switch.
Set switches A7-A0 to 00 111 010 (up for 1, down for 0).
Click "DEPOSIT".
Set switches A7-A0 to 10 000 000.
Click "DEPOSIT NEXT".
Repeat step 4-5 to input the following bytes one by one: 00 000 000, 01 000 111, 00 111 010, 10 000 001, 00 000 000, 10 000 000, 00 110 010, 10 000 010, 00 000 000, 11 000 011, 00 000 000, 00 000 000.
Set switches A7-A0 to 10 000 000.
Click "EXAMINE".
Set switches A7-A0 to 00 000 001 (the first number to be added, or 1 in decimal).
Click "DEPOSIT".
Set switches A7-A0 to 00 000 010 (the second number to be added, or 2 in decimal).
Click "DEPOSIT NEXT".
Click "RESET".
Click "RUN" and wait for a few seconds.
Click "STOP".
Set switches A7-A0 to 10 000 010 (the address that holds the sum).
Click "EXAMINE".
The LEDs D7-D0 show the result 00 000 011 (3 in decimal).
Turn off Altair 8800.

Running Microsoft BASIC

The Altair's first piece of software, and Microsoft's: Altair BASIC 3.2, written in 1975 by Bill Gates, Paul Allen and Monte Davidoff. How to start it:

In the Memory menu, choose 4 KB (or 8 KB, for room to write longer programs). Installing memory switches the machine off, which is what opening the case would have done.
In the Load menu, choose Microsoft 4K BASIC. The machine powers up, the tape is read for you, RESET is pressed, and the Debugger opens to show what arrived.
Before going any further, look at the memory map above the dump. Fifteen of the sixteen pages of a 4 KB machine are full: that is BASIC, and the one page left over is all the room you have for a program. This is what "4K BASIC" means.
The address switches A15-A8 tell BASIC which terminal board to use: all down is the 88-SIO at ports 00H and 01H, switch A11 up is the 88-2SIO at 10H and 11H. The teletype here is wired to both slots, so either setting works - a real Altair would have had only one of the two boards fitted, and the wrong setting left it silent.
Click RUN on the front panel.
Open the Teletype, under the panel. BASIC asks MEMORY SIZE? - press Enter to take everything it found. Press Enter again for TERMINAL WIDTH?, then Y for WANT SIN? to keep the maths functions.
It prints how many bytes are free, then OK. Try PRINT 22/7 for an answer straight away. To enter a program, type these lines one at a time, pressing Enter after each:
```
10 FOR I=1 TO 10
20 PRINT I,I*I
30 NEXT I
RUN
```
The keyboard is upper case only. Underscore rubs out the last character, at-sign throws away the line, and Ctrl-C stops a running program.

What loading 4K BASIC skips: on a real Altair you first toggled a 28 byte boot loader in through the front panel, one byte at a time, then started the paper tape reader and waited about seven minutes while BASIC clattered in. Get one switch wrong and you did it again.

Source Code

github.com/wixette/8800-simulator

Load Hex Bytes

Altair 8800 Simulator

Licences